Tjomsland, Audun; Wilsberg, Kjell (1996). Braathens SAFE 50 år: Mot alle odds (in Norwegian). Oslo. ISBN 82-990400-1-9. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) Bartlett, Duncan (12 July 2008). "Why dying is forbidden in the Arctic". BBC News. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012 . Retrieved 13 March 2012. In 1908, Wenceslau Escobar proposed removing the motto "ORDEM E PROGRESSO" because according to him, the flag cannot have a "motto of a sect (Positivism)". Airport information for ENSB" (PDF). Avinor. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2012 . Retrieved 20 April 2012.

a b "11 Sjø og luft – transport, sikkerhet, redning og beredskap". St.meld. nr. 22 (2008–2009): Svalbard. Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police. 17 April 2009. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012 . Retrieved 15 March 2012. a b "Får bedre radiorekkevidde". Svalbardposten (in Norwegian Bokmål). 2 July 2020 . Retrieved 12 September 2023. Mass enlightenment: Sun listens to warm crowd instead of drab experts in shinning return to Longyearbyen | icepeople". icepeople.net. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020 . Retrieved 23 January 2020.

Communications

Gjesteland, Eirik (2003). "Technical solution and implementation of the Svalbard fibre cable" (PDF). Teletronikk (3): 140–152. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 April 2012 . Retrieved 12 April 2012. Maybe it seems a bit over the top to call our little town a metropolis. However, with its vitality, international vibe and warm people in wonderful surroundings, that’s exactly how we perceive it. Longyearbyen’s central location in a geopolitically interesting Arctic also contributes to it being perceived as larger than it actually is. Furthermore, the range of services on offer to residents and guests is surprisingly extensive with a wide range of shops, restaurants and bars, along with varied cultural offerings. In Longyearbyen, the North Pole is right around the corner from the pub. Perhaps some find it strange that a settlement so incredibly far north has its own brewery, chocolaterie and greenhouse that supplies us with fresh herbs and vegetables, but that’s just the way it is! The remote Norwegian islands are a tourist draw for adventurers, wildlife lovers and the curious. Whether it's exploring the Russian settlements or taking in the spectacular scenery of the Arctic desert (fact number 6!), there's plenty on offer here. Avinor. "Destinations from Svalbard Airport, Longyear" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 5 March 2012 . Retrieved 15 March 2012.

The Svalbard Treaty was signed on 9 February 1920 and entered into force on 14 August 1925. The treaty was ratified by The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Denmark, USA, Italy, France, Sweden, Norway and Japan. It was later ratified by many other countries, including the Soviet Union (Russia) and Canada. There are now 44 parties to the treaty. During the Northern Lights winter, it is dark in Svalbard four months. For a two-and-a-half-month period it’s completely dark with no difference between day and night. The Polar Night, as this period is known, starts and finishes with spectacular “twilight” when the “blue hour” lasts all day long. Although the sun remains below the horizon, it sends beautiful blue and red rays up onto the polar sky. The polar summer, on the other hand, is dominated by the Midnight Sun, which is high in the sky 24/7. Longyearbyen is an Arctic science hub. The town's Svalbard Science Centre hosts theNorwegian Polar Institute, EISCAT radar, and Svalbard Science Forum. It is also home to a few hundred students takingsemester courses in biology, physics and geology. Turisme: Stadig flere vil oppleve Arktis" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway. October 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 April 2015 . Retrieved 19 March 2012. The national dress of Svalbard is the Bunads, and 9 April is designated as National Day. In Svalbard, the majority of the population practices Christianity as their religion.

a b "Ah The Thai chef". Norwegian Air Shuttle (inflight magazine). Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 . Retrieved 29 October 2017. a b "Learning in the freezer". The Guardian. 29 August 2007. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 . Retrieved 29 October 2017.

Even Norwegians need to show their passport when travelling to Svalbard. That's because while Norway is part of the European Schengen area, the archipelago is not. Flights to Longyearbyen airport leave from the non-Schengen zone of Oslo Airport, and everyone is required to show their passport regardless of nationality. Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Isfjord Radio, Svalbard, Norway Sunlight, Cloud & Day length". Archived from the original on 16 April 2016 . Retrieved 30 May 2015. a b "Adventfjorden". Norwegian Polar Institute. Archived from the original on 2 August 2012 . Retrieved 19 March 2012. Lov om gjennomføring i norsk rett av hoveddelen i avtale om Det europeiske økonomiske samarbeidsområde (EØS) m.v. (EØS-loven)" (in Norwegian). Lovdata. 10 August 2007. Archived from the original on 10 December 2000 . Retrieved 4 March 2012.Polarjazz Festivalen – Festival in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen". Visit Svalbard (in Norwegian Bokmål). Archived from the original on 4 February 2020 . Retrieved 23 January 2020. Midway between the town centre and Nybyen are the restaurants Gruvelageret and Huset. The latter has an impressive wine cellar and is one of Norway’s best restaurants. In 1947, Adélard Godbout proposed a flag, diagonally divided with one white triangle in the bottom-left and one red triangle in the top-right, and a green maple leaf in the center. The islands were first used as a whaling base in the 17th and 18th centuries. After this, they were abandoned. Coal mining started at the beginning of the 20th century, and several permanent villages were built. The Spitsbergen Treaty of 1920 states that Norway is in control of Svalbard. The 1925 Svalbard Act made Svalbard part of Norway. These treaties also set out rules that economic activities could be done freely and that no military activities can take place. There are only two mining companies, one Norwegian and one Russian. Research and tourism are important industries. There are no roads to connect the settlements. Instead, snowmobiles, aircraft and boats serve as transport. Svalbard Airport in Longyearbyen is the main airport.

Om oss" (in Norwegian). Svalbard Auto. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013 . Retrieved 13 March 2012. Advent City". Norwegian Polar Institute. Archived from the original on 2 August 2012 . Retrieved 19 March 2012. Stange, Rolf (2012). Spitsbergen – Svalbard. A complete guide around the arctic archipelago. Rolf Stange. ISBN 978-3-937903-14-9.Museums are known to educate and connect visitors with the nation’s history, culture, civilization, art, and architecture. Svalbard Museum serves the same purpose and is considered one of the most significant tourist attractions. Svalbard Museum is home to a large collection of artifacts. It has been designated as the national museum of the country. After the flag debate and the current Flag of Canada got accepted, another proposal came to represent French ties in Canada, that being the Canadian Unity Flag, which adds 2 small blue bars to the edges of the white center bar to represent French Canadians. [19] Main article: Svalbard Both Svalbard and Jan Mayen consist almost entirely of Arctic wilderness, such as at Bellsund in Svalbard. Svalbard Global Seed Vault: Frequently Asked Questions". Government.no. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012 . Retrieved 11 April 2012.